Fernando Luis Martinez Nespral

Architect & Professor

The first lecture deals with Colonial Quito, from Pre Hispanic precedents to 19th century.
Discuss the following topics:
1. Urban aspects linked to the colonial trace, its European origins and the way in which the regular plan of the conquerors is related to the particular topography of the place and to the marks of the pre-Hispanic period.
2. The great squares, temples and convents as organizers of the urban center, spatial configuration and constructive elements and language at the crossroads between Mudejar, Renaissance and pre-Hispanic traditions (Saint Francis, Saint Dominic, Cathedral)
3. Jesuit architecture as a globalizing experience, impact of the central order of the Society of Jesus with head in Rome and arms throughout the planet. The Jesuit Architects arrived in the colonies in the Americas, Asia and Africa from different parts of Europe and their crossing with local materials and aesthetics (Church of the Company)
4. Domestic and institutional architecture, foreign resources and local solutions (Carondelet Palace, Sucre House, Colonial Art Museum, Pre-Columbian Art Museum)
5. The nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth as the arrival of Academicism, a new "International style", impact on the urban center and paradigmatic examples (Central Bank, Military Circle, National Vote Church, Post Office Building)

Lecture 1. Handout

Lecture 1. Notes

Our North is the South: 
Latin American Cities from a Global Perspective 
Fernando Luis Martínez Nespral, 
University of Buenos Aires 
QUITO 
10,000 BCE – 1930 CE
From
 
first
 
settlements
 to 
early
 20th 
century

1. First settlements (10,000 BCE – 1534 CE)
2. Spanish colonization (1534-1808)
3. 19
th
 century Republic (1808-1930)

1. Original settlements (10,000 BCE – 1534 CE)

Original settlements 
(10,000 BCE – 1534 CE)

2. Spanish colonization (1534-1808)
1
2
3
4
5
Convent
 of San Francisco
Convent
 of La Merced
La Compañía (
Jesuit
 
Church
)
Cathedral
 and Plaza Grande
Convent
 of Santo Domingo

Lecture 1. QUITO  10,000 BCE – 1930 CE From first settlements to early 20th century

Ana María León

Associate Professor

This lecture looks at twentieth-century and contemporary Quito: the processes of modernization that have shaped the city, and ongoing presence of different temporalities and cultural processes in its built environment. It is broken up in four parts: Andean Modernity, Institutions, Oil and Concrete, and Regionalisms and globalizations. 
Continuing with our global understanding of the city, we consider the built environment of Quito as the result of tensions between a range of forces operating at different scales. The lecture argues that the architecture and urban layout of Quito is the result of transnational networks of power, capital, and culture as they interacted with local resources, traditions, and topography of the city.

Lecture 2. Notes

Lecture 2. Handout

Our North is the South: 
Latin American Cities from a Global Perspective
Ana María León, 
University of Michigan 
QUITO
20
th
 & 21
st
 centuries
Andean Modernity, Modernization, and Modernisms

QUITO 20
th
 & 21
st
 centuries
Andean Modernity, Modernization, and Modernisms
1. Andean Modernization
2. Banana Boom (1940s-60s)
3. Oil and concrete (1960s-90s)
4. Regionalisms and globalizations

Railroad workers pose with the train one day before arrival to Quito, 24 June 1908.
1. ANDEAN MODERNITY

QUITO: 1748-1904
IMG: Fernando 
Carrión
 y Jaime 
Erazo
 Espinosa
N

COLONIAL CITY
N
LA CAROLINA PARK, land expropriated 1939 (highlighted in contemporary satellite picture)

QUITO: 1904-1960
N
IMG: Fernando 
Carrión
 y Jaime 
Erazo
 Espinosa

Guillermo Jones 
Odriozola
, Regulating Plan, Quito 1942 in comparison with actual growth
N

Guillermo Jones 
Odriozola
, Regulating Plan, Quito 1942
N

Oswaldo 
Guayasamin
, artist (Quito 1919- Baltimore 1999) [paintings displayed in his studio]
Huasipungo
 (1934), social realist novel by Jorge 
Icaza
 (Quito 1906- Quito 1978) [1
st
 edition cover]

1. WW2 diaspora
2. Return of Ecuadorian architects trained in the US
3. 1946: formation of the School of Architecture

Ambato earthquake, 1949: ruins of the hospital. 

CARLOS KOHN, Vera Schiller Kohn House, 1949 (1950-51), Quito, EC

ADOLF LOOS, Villa Müller, Prague, Check Republic, 1930

CARLOS KOHN, GI 
Neustatter
, Quito, EC 1957

Lionel Ledesma Mariscal, 
Edificio
 
Arteta
-Philips, 1956

Alfredo León 
Cevallos
, Legislative Palace, Quito EC 1956-1960

Milton 
Barragán
, 
Templo
 Nacional de la Dolorosa
Designed 1966-69, built 1976-78

Milton 
Barragán
, 
Templo
 de la Patria, 1975-1982

Milton 
Barragán
, 
Templo
 de la Patria,1975-1982

Milton 
Barragán
, 
Templo
 de la Patria, 1975-1982
Mural by Eduardo Kingman

Milton 
Barragán
, CIESPAL, 1976
Marcel Breuer, Met Breuer (formerly Whitney Museum), NYC 1966

Milton 
Barragán
, CIESPAL, 1976
Testa, Bullrich, 
Cazzaniga
, Buenos Aires National Library, 1961-1992

Milton 
Barragán
, CIESPAL, 1976
Cathedral 
QUITO: NEGOTIATING THE SLOPE

Quito, view from the church of San Francisco, top of the staircase.

Handel 
Guayasamín
, 
Capilla
 del Hombre, 1996-2002

Al 
Borde
, House of the Flying Beds, La Esperanza, d. 2015, c. 2016-17

Al 
Borde
, Chicago Architecture Biennial, 2015

Road to Quito with view of apartment buildings on the top of the mountain looking over the city on the other side. 

QUITO 20th & 21st centuries   Andean Modernity, Modernization, and Modernisms

The following two lectures trace an architectural history of Quito from the Spanish occupation to our contemporary moment. We consider the built environment of the city as the result of tensions between a range of forces operating at different scales, including:
--International flows of capital and power controlled by forces outside and within the country.
--Transnational developments in architecture and their transformation as they are implemented with local resources, traditions, and in the specificities of the city’s topography.

Developed as part of a 2018 GAHTC Global Connections Fellowship

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